Dxo photolab 4 keygen9/1/2023 ![]() Importing photos works with an easy drag and drop technique. However, there are many advantages of the software which make up for what it lacks in the design area. The design is slightly harsher than Adobe Lightroom’s standard, which most photographers are used to. When taking a first look at DXO PhotoLab’s interface, you will see exactly what you would expect from a professional photo editing programme. You can download the free trial from DxO’s website. ![]() This way you can make sure that you only buy the product if it’s worth it for your editing goals. It is also great for those people who don’t own an ISO invariant camera body.īefore buying the product, you have an opportunity to try the Elite edition’s free trial for 30 days. This is why it is especially useful for photographers who are often working with older images or cameras. You should also be willing to pay for a quality software.ĭXO PhotoLab has the best denoising technology in the market. Generally said, this software is recommended to everyone who is aiming to bring the most out of their pictures. It is one of the most popular photography post-processing plugins out there. Nik Collection is also compatible with Lightroom and Photoshop. These help you enhance and stylise your images. It includes a package of various innovative photo editing tools, such as color correction or sharpening. You can install a plugin as well, called Nik Collection, which is also made by the DxO company. Examples for this are instant watermarking and batch renaming. It also lacks various advanced workflows and customisation techniques. The Essential package does not include the biggest key feature of PhotoLab 4, which is the Prime denoising. You can choose from two editions, Essential and Elite. Meanwhile, PhotoLab needs to be purchased only once, although for a higher price. ![]() The difference is that Lightroom comes with a monthly subscription. You will find its interface similar to Lightroom’s. It also includes all the essential photo editing adjustments that you could wish for. The software has a high-quality RAW processing technique and an easy-to-navigate platform. It offers everything that its competitors do. PhotoLab is an advanced image processing software developed by the French DxO company. Buy from Unavailable What is DxO PhotoLab 4? ![]()
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Minecraft xray vision 1.8.99/1/2023 ![]() ![]() Mods are not required to use these resource packs, however mods do add some nice features like Connected Textures (CTM), Better Skies, Random Mobs, Custom Colours, Shaders, Waypoints, Death location and lots more. Support for OptiFine and VoxelMap by MamiyaOtaru (1.18.2 not supported). Please note that these older packs are not supported but may still get updates and back ported textures and features from time to time. Here's the place you will find older releases of the John Smith Legacy Resource and Textures Packs for older versions of Minecraft, these can be useful with older CTM maps that require an older releases of the John Smith Legacy pack to get the best out of the game. ![]() This is only for Java Edition and will not work on Bedrock Edition. Note:- The John Smith Legacy 3D Models Addon is only for use with John Smith Legacy (JimStoneCraft Edition is not supported), as this is an addon, you need the standard pack (which is required for the 3D Model Pack to work correctly), make sure you get the correct version for the version of Minecraft you are playing.Īny issues with the 3D Models Addon pack should be directed to FilalPL on the Discord server. Want some fancy 3D models? - here's the official 3D Models Addon by FilalPL. John Smith Legacy 3D Models Addon by FilalPL See the Older Milestone Releases for major releases or the Resource Pack History for even older resource packs. If you are interested in Fabric based MOD textures, take a look at the MOD Support Pack (WIP pack available).Ĥth August 2023 - 35.7MB - Changelog - ChecksumĤth August 2023 - 35.6MB - Changelog - Checksum These pack contain the standard textures and support for OptiFine features Minecraft Java 1.20.1 - The Trails & Tales Update Help the cause, become a John Smith Legacy Patron! ![]() Please note: Minecraft Beta and Preview versions are not supported.Ģ3rd July 2023 - v0.17.3 - 20.6MB - Changelog - ChecksumĢ3d July 2023 - v0.17.3 - 20.8MB - Changelog - Checksum You can only use the pack on these devices - Android, iPhone, iPad, Windows 10, Oculus Rift, Gear VR and Amazon devices. Minecraft Bedrock 1.20.12 - The Trails & Tales Update John Smith Legacy (JSL) is the more traditional rough style and is trying to keep the look and feel of the original author JohnSmith, JimStoneCraft Edition (JSC) uses the smooth cobblestone, smooth ores, smoother looking sandstone and lots of other personal tweaks to quite a few of the textures and is the pack I personally play the game with. What's the difference between John Smith Legacy and John Smith Legacy JimStoneCraft Edition? What to chat about the pack, post feedback or suggestions? - then join the official Discord - Resource Packs ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Here is the collection of best printable budget templates broken down by categories (they are 100% FREE and downloadable, but may contain watermarks and uneditable). By comparing annual household funds and expenditure you can self-assess whether your declared income is enough to support your actual lifestyle. But if you like to plan everything with pen and paper, then budget printables will be a perfect solution for you. The comprehensive personal living expenses worksheet provides an in-depth analysis of all household incomings and outgoings. If you’re 100% digital person, you’re likely to google a smartphone app, excel templates or any other best online budgeting sites. When it comes to tools that can help you achieve that, there are plenty of mediums to choose from. A great advantage of having a budget is a possibility to track your spending habits over time and adjust them accordingly. It’s to help you plan for how, what for and how much money will be spent or saved during a particular period of time. A budget is a structured list of your personal or household expected income and expenses. Whatever you may need money for, it’s important that you stick to your budget day in and day out. You don't want to get a negative balance of your credit card, don't you? Moreover, keeping track of your finances can play an important role in the pace you improve your savings account balance and save money for your dream vacation, house or car. Since the percentages above add up to 100, a household with children should reduce another category or combination of categories by 6 total to allow for child care. In the world of consumerism, it’s easy to spend a few bucks here and there to suddenly find out that you exceeded your daily, weekly or monthly budget. Amounts Will Vary from Standard Monthly Budget 6 should go toward child care or school expenses if the household has children in school or day care. The ability to manage your cash flow and track your income and expense is vital. Because it's not only business people who care about profits and expenses. It's no wonder why one of the many tips on personal finance management is to make budget.Īnd you don't have to be a financial specialist to do that. What can be more important than time management? Correct. ![]() Run swift code on iphone9/1/2023 ![]() ![]() One downside is that the binaries of macOS Catalyst apps, as delivered by the App Store store, are not by default obfuscated, encrypted, or semi-protected in any way. Some potential customers might think that iPad-like window/view formatting just looks strange and un-aesthetic on a Mac. Unless one adds a fair amount of platform specific code, the resulting macOS apps might not be as full featured as users might expect (rich menus, multiple reposition-able windows, wider file access capabilities, etc.). To test time taken by your code, call measure (:) inside your test method, and run your app’s code inside the block. You can set a baseline expectation for the metric, and if the measured value is significantly worse than the baseline, XCTest reports a test failure. Other iOS apps will have incompatibilities (my apps required a couple platform specific ifdefs to fix/customize.) So you will have to test your particular code. XCTest runs your code multiple times, measuring the requested metrics. Some simple, single view Swift+storyboard iOS apps just require checking a box, and they might run on macOS as is, even if they also include networking, audio, Metal shaders, and etc. Or when slather fails with No product binary found Scheme to build your application Configuration to use for your scheme. And now that it's open source, it can be.The existence proof is that I (and at least a few other developers I know of) have apps in both the iOS and Mac App stores which have been built from a single Xcode project and code base, using Catalyst. Like Go and Rust and D, Swift aims to be this language. Thus your compiled Swift program can be run as a standalone program - A user doesn’t need to have Swift or Xcode installed to run your compiled Swift program. ![]() In the Internet age, however, you want a language that does both, particularly when you're using the same language on the back end (where execution speed is so important) and front end (where there's pressure to constantly build new apps and new versions of apps). Swift code is compiled into machine code. And you used something like PHP or Ruby if you wanted build software quickly. You used a language like C++ if you wanted to build software that executed at speed. ios swift Share Improve this question edited at 9:50 asked at 15:59 Rafa Sroka 39.5k 23 113 143 10 THE HIGHEST VOTED ANSWERS ARE NOT THE BEST WAY TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM mbelsky's answer (currently very far down) is the only solution that comes without any pitfalls. In the past, software development wasn't like this. All four languages are designed so that coders can not only build software capable of rapidly juggling myriad tasks at once, but build that software rather quickly. Like Go and Rust and D, Swift is seeking a new coding sweet spot. That would put Swift in competition with Google's new language, Go, as well as the up-and-coming languages Rust and D. "This can give people an alternative to Java," Stephens says. Open up a project in Xcode and click on the device near the Run button at the top left of your Xcode screen. Simulator is in quotes here since this will create an actual app on your phone it’s no longer a simulation. Its one of the robust, feature-rich online compilers for Swift. In open sourcing Swift, Apple hopes to bootstrap another way for spanning both the front and the back end. How to select your iPhone as the Simulator Device. Write, Run & Share Swift code online using OneCompilers Swift online compiler for free. Running Go Code on iOS and Android In this tutorial we’ll be building a simple Go package that you can run from an iOS application (Swift) and also an Android application (Kotlin). ![]() Java-not to be confused with Javascript-is the primary means of building apps on Android smartphones, but it's also an important means of building the data center software that backs modern web services. A tool called Node.js lets coders build server software in Javascript, the language originally designed for building applications within web browsers. consumer devices) and the back end (servers). ![]() We're seeing more and more coding tools that let developers build software on both the front end (e.g. ![]() Chinese yen to usd9/1/2023 ![]() ![]() Our team of relationship managers will evaluate your international money transfer needs and match you with the best pre-approved and FCA regulated currency supplier for transferring and exchanging Chinese Yuan Renminbi to US Dollar We provide a safe, transparent and personalized experience for each individual and business looking to transfer Chinese Yuan Renminbi to US Dollar to ensure you always get the best deals, the best service and the easiest transfer, every time. Example 21.14 Find the CNY NDF call/USD put option price with spot CNY. The best part? Skip the hidden bank fees when transferring Chinese Yuan Renminbi to US Dollar and save as much as 85% compared to what your local financial institution charges.Ĭ represents an inexpensive and streamlined method of currency transfer compared to banks or other competitors, but it also comes down to service. We will illustrate how to price CNY NDF options with specific examples in this. How much is 10,000,000.00 the ten million renminbi is worth 1,391,246.28 (USD) today or one million. ![]() Instead of long wait times and unclear information, you can use our live online marketplace to easily make same day payments or book your international transfers ahead of time. 10 Million CNY to USD Renminbi to US Dollars. This is why is vital for anyone that needs that needs to transfer RMB, CNY, CNH to USD. The yuan was pegged to the greenback at 8.28 to the dollar for more than a decade. The entire process can be very time consuming, not to mention the expensive fees. Instead it pegs its currency, the yuan (or renminbi), to the U.S. Moving money across borders can be surprisingly complex. ![]() We know you want to pay the lowest rate possible when exchanging and sending RMB, CNY, CNH to USD which is why wire transfers through your personal bank aren't recommended. Whether you are making a quick overseas payment or have an ongoing expense, to maximize your bottom lines and reduce the costs associated with international transfers, it’s important to consider transfer fees. You may also have several personal reasons for exchanging your RMB, CNY, CNH to USDthat range from buying property abroad to paying foreign university tuition. Your business may need to pay overseas employees and suppliers, by transferring Chinese Yuan Renminbi to US Dollar in large amounts. You might encounter the need to transfer currency more often than you expect. ![]() Granblue fantasy relink western release8/31/2023 ![]() ![]() We meet Laurent in a remote town in the Zeega Grande airspace. He met the main characters through a certain incident. Hiroshi Kamiya)Ī man without talent who lives in the western sky. ![]() His name has been revealed! "GRANBLUE FANTASY: Relink"公式サイト Laurent (CV. The game supports single-player as well as online cooperative play for up to 4 players! Players can also communicate with other players in the town (online lobby).Ī mysterious character who has not appeared in the original GBF, and who also appeared in the key visuals released in 2020. Players will use the characters they have developed to challenge various battles. Quests are released as the main story progresses, and each quest has its own rewards. The difficulty can be selected from "EASY", "NORMAL", and "HARD", allowing players to enjoy the game according to their play style! The game also includes a variety of elements for character development, customization, and item collection. This single-player mode depicts a new story of Granblue Fantasy set in the "Forgotten Sky" and " Zega Grande Airspace ". Two game modes Main Story "GRANBLUE FANTASY: Relink"公式サイト It is a picture that embodies the concept of this work, giving a new angle on the series' fundamental appeal! The main character is dressed in a new suit of armor that differs from the original GBF, Luria is praying fleetingly, and a black and silver dragon is roaring to the heavens. New key visual revealed! "GRANBLUE FANTASY: Relink"公式サイト ![]() Mini maxx tuner 6.4 powerstroke torque8/31/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Requires premium fuel for best performance. Like the 6.1L HEMI engine, the newer 6.4L/392 HEMI engine The factory compression ratio is a healthy 10.9:1 and theĮngine redline is 6,400 rpm. They also come stock with a forged-steel crankshaft thatĬan take a lot of punishment. The bore and stroke are 4.09 inches and 3.72 inches on allĦ.4L/392 HEMI engines. Superior casting and slightly shorter water jacket (which provides increasedĬylinder wall rigidness/strength) are a huge bonus for serious horsepower engine These blocks might be hard to comeīy if you’re looking for a used 6.4L/392 HEMI engine, but their high nickel content, On the side and/or on the back of the block. Known as “Big Gas Engine” or BGE for short. Included 392 HEMI engine-powered cars and SUVs around 2017-2018). With the advent of the 6.4L HEMI truck engines,Ī thicker block was cast and used across the entire engine platform (that Like all GEN III HEMIĮngines, the 6.4L/392 version uses cross-bolted main bearing caps andĪluminum twin-plug HEMI heads. HEMI blocks can also be painted black if they’re a Mopar service replacementīlock or are out of a 2015-20/3500 HD truck. Like theĦ.1L HEMI engine it replaced, the 6.4L/392 HEMI blocks come painted orange andĪre machined and assembled at FCA’s Saltillo Engine Plant. The 6.2L/392 HEMI blocks can be identified with casting numberĥ037473BE or 5037473BG and has “6.4L” cast above the oil pan rail. ![]() TNXE6: Engine Assembly Plant, this is the code for Saltillo Engine Plant (SEP)ġ133: Is the Julian Date Code 1133 which is the 113th day of 2013 (April 23, 2013)Ģ88: Last 3 numeric digits of the part numberĪA: Part number revision level ENGINE BLOCK/ROTATING ASSEMBLY Here’s an actual label from a 6.4L/392 HEMIĮngine and how you can decipher the bar code label’s numbering system.Įxample, on this particular bar code label, you see the number TNXE6 1133 1 It indicatesĮngine displacement size, build date, part and serial number. Identifying late-model HEMI engines, this handy bar code label decal can beįound on the valve cover of virtually any GEN III HEMI engines. But before you head out on your HEMI engine hunting adventure, here’s what to look for if you’re on a mission to score a 6.4L/392 HEMI V8 engine for your Mopar ® retsomod project. With robust sales of the Scat Pack, there’s plenty of good used 392 HEMI engines out there in salvage yards and swap meets. When Dodge introduced the Scat Pack Challenger and Charger models beginning in 2015, they came standard with a 392 HEMI V8 engine. The 6.4L HEMI engine has also been available in the Ram 2500/3500 HD trucks since 2015-2016, but we’ll get into that later in this feature. The changes include oil pan and exhaust manifolds between these two platforms. 4,300 rpm because of a more restrictive exhaust manifold design for engine packaging to accommodate the SUV’s AWD drivetrain. The Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT and Durango SRT models have to settle for 475 hp 6,000 rpm and 470 lb.-ft. 4,200 rpm, due to a revised intake manifold and tuning. In 2015, the 6.4L/392 HEMI engine got a bump in horsepower to 485 hp 6,100 rpm, while torque was increased to 475 lb.-ft. The factory horsepower and torque ratings on the 2011 to 2014 engines was 470 hp 6,000 rpm and 470 lb.-ft. “392” depending on year, brand and nameplate.ĭespite the confusion this might cause among enthusiasts, the 6.4L/392 HEMI engine has basically the same internal parts regardless of if the engine came out of a Challenger/Charger or Durango/Grand Cherokee SRT. Since its debut, the marketing of the engine’s displacement size on the frontįender emblems and on the engine coil pack covers can say either “6.4L” or Used in the 2011 Challenger SRT8 and eventually Charger SRT8 models beforeīeing an option on the Jeep ® Grand Cherokee SRT ® and Dodge Durango SRT SUVs. This next iteration of the modern big-inch HEMI engine was first Even though 6.4 liters translates into 392 cubic inches, itīears no resemblance to its great HEMI ancestor of the late 1950s that had the Size, this new engine was even more of a powerhouse over its replacement on Passenger car line as a replacement for the 6.1L HEMI engine. The 6.4L/392 HEMI V8 engine was first introduced in 2011 in the In this installment of the GEN III HEMI Engine Quick Reference Guide, we are going to talk about the highly coveted 6.4L/392 HEMI V8 engine. In part III, we moved away from the 5.7L V8 and introduced the bigger and badder 2005-2010 6.1L V8. Next, we moved onto the refined recipe of the 5.7L V8 that included 2009-current year. So far in this series, we have covered the beginning of the great HEMI ® engine, the 5.7L V8 years 2003-2008. MORE CUBES AND MORE POWER: 2011 – 2021 6.4L/392 HEMI ® V8 ENGINE ![]() Arq mauve8/31/2023 ![]() ![]() In the RGB color space, #C292A1 consists of 76.08% red, 57.25% green, and 63.14% blue, with a decimal value of 194 for red, 146 for green, and 161 for blue. The light mauve color is mainly a color from the red series. In the CMKY color space, it consists of 0.0% cyan, 59.63% magenta, 14.91% yellow, and 36.86% black. In the RGB color space, #A14189 consists of 63.14% red, 25.49% green, and 53.73% blue, with a decimal value of 161 for red, 65 for green, and 137 for blue. Heather purple represents beauty, luck, and admiration, but also protection and loneliness. It is a natural purple that pairs well with other shades that appear in the wild. The heather mauve color takes its name from the heather flowers found in the Scottish moors. Below we describe them in detail and attach the hex codes to help you better understand the colors involved. Some shades are brighter, while others are softer. There are some subtle differences between them. The decimal color #E0B0FF has RGB values of R: 224, G: 176, and B: 255. In the CMKY color space, it consists of 12.16% cyan, 30.98% magenta, 0.0% yellow and 0.0% black. In the RGB color space, #E0B0FF consists of 87.84% red, 69.02% green, and 100.0% blue, with a decimal value of 224 for red, 176 for green, and 255 for blue. This makes the use of Mauve color more extensive and varied. Additionally, it complements yellow and lime green. It can evoke a lot of imagination and emotions in people. Mauve is a dreamy color that represents romance and nostalgia. Between pink and purple on the color wheel. It was discovered and widely used by British chemist William Perkin in 1856. Its name is from the mallow flower - the French word for "Malva". It is a soft light purple with grey and blue tones. What are the Colors that Go with Mauve?.In this article, we'll take an in-depth introduction to Mauve color, including its meaning, specific color information, color schemes, and applications. ![]() ![]() Using it can help you complete your graphic art work better. ![]() The original and adaptable Gala toilet seat covers purchased at reach very different markets, from Hong Kong to Canada, Chile or Australia, where they are appreciated for their quality and design.Mauve is a very trendy color and a bluish purple overall. Gala is currently a company present in the five continents with special incidence in Europe. Regarding the adaptable Toilet Seats of many of its collections, some are no longer supplied by Gala and others correspond to current collections, but they adapt perfectly to the corresponding toilet bowls and with a wide range of colours, we find the covers: Acuatonda, Arq, Aurea, Baby wc, Bacara, Diana, Elia, Emma, Emma Square, Espacio, Florida, Gala 2000, Jazz, Loa, Marina Horizontal, Marina Vertical, Metropol, Nila, Noble, Nostalgia, Novo Espacio, Regia, Sirio, Smart, Street, Street Square, Top and Universal. Elia, Stylo, Duna, Nexo Klea.Īlso available at the original contemporary Gala Toilet Seat, such as: Noble, Eos, Coral, Emma Square, Emma, Mid, Smart, Street square, Aris, Elia, Baby wc and Blue. Straight from Gala, the original, discontinued Toilet Seat which can be found in white and, with some exceptions, in pergamon, such as the toilet seat covers: Gala 2000, Diana, Aurea, Bacara, Nostalgia, Marina horizontal and vertical, Arq, Universal Jazz, Loa, Metropol, Street. It has always been one of the first companies to obtain the various certifications and approvals that guarantee its commitment to quality. Gala is made up of a team of people committed to customer service, constant innovation and working permanently with the aim of providing the market with the highest degree of excellence in its products, among which its Toilet Seats stand out.Īt the Burgos headquarters, with a surface area of 250,000 m2, the production, commercial, marketing, quality and R&D activities are concentrated. The design of its products is in line with the expression of current values and lifestyles such as respect for the environment, without neglecting aesthetics. Gala is a different and differentiating brand. The aim is to offer products that exceed the expectations of professionals and that, in addition, meet the needs of consumers in the best possible way. Innovation and sustainability are the characteristic elements in the constant growth that Gala has maintained since its foundation, quadrupling the initial production. The company has based its progress on the principles of quality, design and productivity. For more than 50 years, Gala has been offering excellent solutions for the bathroom, among which its Toilet Seats stand out, with a personal and differentiating style. ![]() Carrot weather ar8/31/2023 ![]() ![]() Secret Locations Follow clues to hunt down 32 secret locations - like the Moon, the Pyramids, and Chernobyl. See the original version of this article on BGR. Add the customizable widget to your home screen so you can see what awful weather CARROTs sent your way without having to open the app. As of now, it’s currently down.ĭon't Miss : Today’s deals: AirTag sale, $15 Amazon credit, Ring Doorbell deals, $20 Fire Stick, moreĪirPods Pro are down to $199 at Amazon, but they keep selling outĪpple’s M1 MacBook Air is back down to $799 and I can’t believe it With the Apple Weather app becoming unreliable for the past week, it also grows users’ antipathy for the stock app, as the Cupertino firm recently shut down Dark Sky after only implementing a handful of its features to its own app.īGR will let you know once the Apple Weather app is once again available to all users. Or just tap anywhere for more meteorological goodness. Accurate and Detailed Foreca’s eerily accurate weather data gives you quick access to your current, hourly, and daily forecasts. This includes access to the Inspector feature, which requires the Premium Ultra tier, and support for changing the color palette. CARROT Weather is a crazy-powerful weather app that delivers hilariously twisted forecasts. In addition, CARROT has expanded the high-quality radar for every European country, including Australia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. You can even fine-tune my personality to change how I’ll respond.” ![]() (Premium required.) Added 4 regional data sources: Deutscher Wetterdienst (Germany), MeteoFrance (France), MET Norway (Norway), and Japan Meteorological Agency (Japan). Users can ask its Artificial Intelligence to “play a text adventure game, write a procedural crime drama, or tell you what I really think of my Maker. CARROT Weather v5.11 now available New Features / Improvements Data Sources Added OpenWeather global data source. The app combines weather forecasting with humor and recently added ChatGPT integration. While it’s still unclear why the Apple Weather app is facing recurring issues, users can still rely on third-party apps, such as CARROT Weather. ![]() Increase deep sleep quality8/31/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3, 4, 6, 14, 19 The extent to which environmental or noise pollution effects might differ from those of low-frequency enhancing audio, either momentarily or across a whole night, is unclear. 18 Pink noise, timed to coincide with up-states of SO activity, is the only auditory stimulation reported to enhance SOs. The ability of a sound to produce sleep disruption varies by pressure level (ie, loudness), threat valence, and sleep stage during presentation. However, microarousals (as defined in part by their brevity) do not always lead to neurocortical waking activity of ≥15 sec, and therefore may not lead to increases in wake time even if frequent. Sleep architecture (the distribution of sleep stages and wakefulness) appears largely unaffected by auditory intervention, 10– 14 excepting one study 15 that improved sleep efficiency. 8 Phase-locked auditory stimulation appears to preserve microarousal frequency, 9 but impact on sleep continuity remains unreported for auditory open-loop approaches where sleep disruption is more likely. Sleep fragmentation reduces behavioral, physiologic, and perceived restoration by sleep. 7 The viability of open-loop stimulation in the field is dependent upon not only the magnitude of the effect, however, but also of open-loop’s tolerability and ability to preserve sleep quality (eg, to not induce awakenings). 6 With such open-loop constraints to endogenous deep sleep, and phase-locked constraints to endogenous SO activity, it remains unclear how auditory-induced low-frequency enhancement might improve sleep architecture on the whole where other non-auditory stimulus modalities have been successful. 6 This N3 and transient power spectral increase is accomplished when open-loop stimulation is constrained to the early sleep period. 3, 4 Open-loop stimulation that is supervised and limited to N3 sleep fails to improve word pair memory, 6 which was observed in phase-locked studies, 4, 5 but open-loop stimulation can elicit a modest increase in N3 sleep proportion 4, 6 in addition to both SO and delta enhancement. Open-loop stimulation literature is sparse partly because auditory stimulation synchronous with the SO up-state is the more effective elicitor of momentary SO power, 4 despite the marginal or suppressive effect of phase-locked stimulation on broader-spectrum delta activity that occurs during deep sleep. The non-phase-locked, open-loop approach to auditory stimulation has a translational advantage in ultimate ecological implementation, because of phase locking’s EEG requirement. 3– 6 Whether low-frequency activity is ontogenically or neurochemically similar to that in endogenous non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 3 (N3) sleep is not yet elucidated, but evoked SO waves demonstrate similar electrical field topography as those produced endogenously. 1, 2 Auditory stimulation administered both in phase with endogenous delta activity (“phase locking” with EEG detection) and without phase locking (“open-loop”) enhances slow oscillatory (SO 0.5–1 Hz) power, while the phase-locked effect on broader delta-frequency power (0.5–4 Hz) is equivocal. Preserving sleep continuity should be a primary consideration if auditory stimulation is utilized to enhance slow-wave activity and deepen sleep.Īuditory stimulation during sleep can increase the power of delta-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activity by either eliciting K-complexes or increasing amplitude in the low-frequency spectral range. The current work indicates the potential utility of auditory stimulation presented below the arousal threshold to increase restorative deep sleep without the need for precise timing of sounds to brain waves. After the Disruptive night, next-day attention performance was impaired (versus Sham) despite preserved sleep duration and momentary increases in slow-wave activity. Alerting sounds, such as an IV alarm, were momentarily effective in increasing slow-wave activity, but the all-night proportion of deep sleep (versus a Sham control night) increased only on the Enhancing night. Both pink noise (less high-frequency content than white noise) on an “Enhancing” night and sounds without standard pink noise features administered on a “Disruptive” night produced increases in momentary slow-wave brain activity, characteristic of deep sleep. This work demonstrates the potential utility of auditory stimulation, not precisely timed to brain wave activity, to increase deep sleep among mid-life adults. Deep sleep, considered the most restorative stage of sleep, decreases with advancing age. ![]() AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |